- July 3, 2023
- Posted by: editor
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What is Industrial automation?
Industrial automation is the process of using advanced technologies and control systems to operate and control various industrial processes and machinery without much human involvement. The process requires an integration of hardware and software that help automate tasks, increase efficiency, enhance productivity, and improve the overall safety of an industrial environment.
The process involves components such as:
- Sensors and actuators- Sensors to collect data from the surrounding environment. Such as temperature pressure, flow rate, position, etc., and actuators to control systems and perform physical actions such as opening or closing of valves, rotating motors, or moving robotic arms.
- Control systems- They receive data and use programmed algorithms to generate control signals for actuators. Some popular control systems include PLCsm DCS or SCADA.
- Human-machine interface (HMI)- These provide a means for humans to interact with the automation system. They typically include graphical displays, touch screens, or other input devices.
How does industrial automation work in instrumentation engineering?
The workflow of industrial automation can be described through the following steps.
- Data Acquisition: Sensors collect data from the industrial process or environment. This data can be related to temperature, pressure, humidity, flow rates, or any other relevant parameters.
- Data Processing: The acquired data is sent to the control system, where it is analyzed and processed. The control system compares the actual values with the desired setpoints and executes control algorithms to determine appropriate actions.
- Control Signal Generation: Based on the processed data, the control system generates control signals that are sent to the actuators. These signals instruct the actuators to perform specific actions, such as adjusting valves, starting or stopping motors, or controlling robotic movements.
- Actuator Response: The actuators receive the control signals and act accordingly, carrying out the required physical actions in the industrial process. For example, if the control system detects a deviation in temperature, it may send a signal to an actuator to adjust the heating element accordingly.
- Monitoring and Feedback: Throughout the automation process, the control system continuously monitors the process variables and compares them to the desired setpoints. It also receives feedback from the sensors and actuators to ensure that the desired actions are being executed accurately.
What are the types of industrial automation?
There are several types of industrial automation systems, each designed for specific applications and processes. Here are some of the most common ones.
- Fixed Automation:
Fixed automation, also known as hard automation, is designed for a specific task or process and is not easily reprogrammable. It involves dedicated machinery or equipment that performs a repetitive operation with little or no variation. Examples include assembly lines, conveyor systems, and dedicated robotic cells.
- Programmable Automation:
Programmable automation involves the use of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or computer numerical control (CNC) systems to control and automate a variety of tasks. It allows for flexibility and reprogramming of the control logic to adapt to different production requirements. This type of automation is commonly used in manufacturing processes, such as machining operations, material handling, and packaging.
- Flexible Automation:
Flexible automation systems are designed to handle a range of product variations and process changes efficiently. They utilize advanced robotics, computer control, and sensor technologies to adapt to different products, configurations, or production volumes. Flexible automation is often employed in industries with high product variability, such as electronics, automotive, and consumer goods.
- Integrated Automation:
In integrated automation, multiple devices and machines are integrated into a single control system to streamline processes, production lines, and more. This automation process is typically preferred for manufacturing industries. With advancements in IIoT and Industry 4.0, this automation system helps in better communication by increasing flexibility and customization.